Harnessless loom.



A. C. GREINER.

HARNESSLESS LOOM.

1916?,4L1u APPLICATION FILED MAY 11, 19M. Patented Jan 11,

5 SHEETSSHEET I.

ATTORNEYS A. C. GREINER. HARNESSLESS LOOM. APPUCAHON FHED MAYII,I91L

LM'YAQJL. Patented Jan. 11, 1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES W F INVENTOR w 4 r I l ATTORNEYS A. CQGREINER. HARNESSLESS LOOM.

AFPLICATION- FILED MAY 11, 1914. LMWAWL Patented Jan. 11, 1916.

.5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

INVENTOR ATTORNEYS A. c. GREINER. HARNESSLESS LOOM. APPLICATION FILED MAY 11, I914. 1,1673%1 6. m m 4 IIIII I] 1 I I .I M QQ W m MII m I h I 4 R KR WITNESSES a @M I A. CQGREINER. 'HARNESSLESS LOOM. APPLICATION FILED MAY 11, 1914.

1, 16731 Patented Jan. 11, 1916.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

I HWIENTOW tantra srrrrns rnrnnr orrron ALBERT C. GREINER, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A SSIGNOR OF,ONE-HALF T0 JAMES E. KELLY, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

' 'nnnunssrnss Loon.

merger.

Patented Jan. 11L, 1916,

Application filed May 11, 1914. Serial No. 837,736.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT C. GREINER, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Harnessless Loom, of which the following is a specification.

In looms as heretofore constructed, it has been deemed essential to provide the same with a harness which cooperates with the warp to form the shed through which the shuttle is passed to interlace the weft with the warp, and the pattern or design is controlled by the harness operating means.

In accordance with my present invention, 1 have devised a novel loom, wherein the harness as heretofore employed, as well as the complicated mechanism for operating the same, has been entirely eliminated.

With the above and other objects in view, which. will more clearly hereinafter appear in the detailed description, my invention, in its broad and generic scope, consists of a novel loom, wherein novel means are provided for forming the shed.

It further consists of a novel loom in which shed forming reeds are employed,

which, in themselves, control the pattern or design of the weave.

It further consists of a novel. loom which is constructed in such a manner that a double faced fabric or weave may be produced, and wherein the pattern is controlled by the shed forming reeds.

It further consists of a novel loom, wherein a plurality of independent and separate weaves may be simultaneously formed.

It further consists of a novel construction of a loom wherein is employed a novel construction and arrangement of shed forming reeds and a novel construction and arrangement of a double reed which simultaneously beats up the wefts of a plurality Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of a loom embodying my invention, certainparts havingbeen omitted for the sake of clearness of illustration. Fig. 2 represents a sectional elevation of Fig. 1 but showing the parts in a different relation from that seen in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 represents a sectional elevation of Fig. 1, the corresponding parts forming the shed being shown in a diiferent relation to each other from that seen in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 represents, in side elevation, a portion ofa shed forming reed. Fig. '5 represents one of the reeds in detached position with certain of the warps in conjunction therewith. Fig. 6 represents a side elevation of the cam seen in Figs. 1 to 3 inelusive. Figs. 7, 8 and 9 represent, respectively, in side elevation, other forms of reeds which may be employed if desired. Fig. 10 represents a sectional elevation of another embodiment of my invention wherein certain of the parts are duplicated in order to simultaneously weave two independent fabrics. Figs. 11 and-12 represent sectional elevations of certain of the parts seen in Figu 10 and illustrate the positions that certain of these parts assume at difierent stages of the operation.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in the figures.

Referring to the drawings, referring first to Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive,'lfwill first describe the manner in which a single fabric is woven in accordance with my invention. The framework of the loom may be constructed in any desired or conventional manner and for purposes of illustration has been shown as comprising a framework 1 which carries a warp beam 2 from which the warp threads 3 pass, it being understood that any desired number of warp threads may be employed. These warp threads? pass over the roller 4:.

5 designates the breast beam over which the cloth or fabric 6 passes tothe cloth beam 7 which latter is supported in any desired manner on the-framework 1.

8 designates the lay movably carried by' the framework, as at 9, and provided with a link 10 which is connected with the usual means em loyed for reciprocating or osc1llatingsaid lay, and since such means are the lay8 and which is constructed in such.

a manner that it will operate in conjunction with either a single or a double shed. I

12 designates the upper shuttle and 13 designates the lower shuttle, said shuttles being employed when it is desired to pro- .duce a double faced fabric, although, as

will hereinafter appear, a single shed and a single shuttle may be employed if desired. The shuttle boX, the picker-stick and their adjuncts for throwing the shuttle or shuttles through the shed or sheds would correspond substantially to any conventional or desired type of the same and I have therefore deemed it necessary to illustrate and describe in detail such construction. If two shuttles are employed they are preferably actuated by the same means.

14 designates standards secured to or forming a part of the framework 1 and serving as guides for the reed frames 15 and i 16 respectively which reciprocate therein.

The frame 15, has connected thereto an arm 17 provided with a roller 18 which travels and a loose pulley on the shaft 21, thereby in the cam groove 19 of the cam 20, which latter is .fixed on the driving shaft 21 in any desired manner and for purposes of illustration it is shown as being fixed thereon by means of a set screw 22. The reed frame 16 is provided with an arm 23 which carries a roller 24 which latter travels in the cam groove 25 of a cam 26 fixed on the shaft 21 by means-of a set screw 27. The cam 20 has dwell forming portions 104, 105 and 106, see Fig. 6. The cam 26 has dwell forming portions 107, 108 and 109. The shaft 21 is journaled in the guide standards 14 and maintained in proper position by means of set collars 28.

29 and 30 represent, respectively, a fast adapting the same to be driven by means of a'belt which latter is actuated by any desired source of power.

Each frame, such as 15 and 16 respectively, is provided with a desired number of shed forming reeds, such as 31 and 32 seen in Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive. In Fig. 5, I have shown one of these shed forming reeds in detached position, from which it will be seen that each is provided with the slots 33 and 34 located rnear each end and through which the cross bars 35 and 36 are adapted to pass. The number of shed forming reeds employed will vary in accordance with the width of the fabric which is to be woven and each shed forming reed is provided with a series of slots, the construction and arrangement of which varies in accordance with the design or pattern of the fabric which is to be woven. In Figs. 1 to inclusive, the shed forming reeds are provlded with three sets of vertically arranged slots which terminate in different horizontal planes and which are arranged in sets v10f three to provide an upper set of slots 37, an

intermediate or middle set of slots 38 and a lower set of slots 39 and, as two frames are employed in this embodiment, I provide and extend below the upper ends of the slots 39. The warps 3 after leaving the roller 4 are so distributed with respect to each other that they form three sets of warps 40, 41 and 42 on their way to and through the slots 37 38 and 39 respectively, as seen in Fig. 1.

The cams 20 and 26, the detailed construction of which is seen most clearly in Fig. 6, are constructed in such a manner that the frames 15 and 16 and the shed forming reeds carried thereby will alternately be raised and lowered, so that in this embodiment the shed forming reeds will assume three different positions during the cycle of the operation, and at each of these three positions a dwell is formed in order to maintain the shed a sufficient length of time to permit the passing of a shuttle or shuttles through the shed or sheds which have been formed. In the construction of the cams illustrated a top, bottom and intermediate position is provided so that a double faced woven on a single loom. In this embodiment, 45 designates the lower warp beam which carries the warp threads 46 which after passing over the roller 47 are so placed relatively to each other that they form three sets of warps such as 48, 49 and 50 in their passage from the warp beam 45 to and through the slots 51, 52 and 53 respectively, each of said slots beingarranged in sets of three in this embodiment and being formed in shed forming reeds which are carried by a frame. In Fig. 10 the lower warp 50 is passed through a slot 53 in a shed forming. reed 54, any number of which may be employed, and which are carried by a frame 55 in a similar manner to that seen in Fig. 1, it being understood that the difference between the shed forming reeds seen in Fig. 1 and those seen in Fig. 10, is that the sets of slots are duplicated for the-purpose of formvided with a set of slots 65 and 57 which I vided with the upper sets of slots. 60, 61

and 62 respectively, the intermediate set of slots 61extending above the lower end of the slots 60' and below the upper end of the slots 62. The shed forming reeds 5 1 are provided in a similar manner with the sets of slots 63,64 and 56 respectively. The frame 59 has operatively connected therewith a roller 66 which travels in a cam-groove 67 of a cam 68, mounted on a shaft 69 which latter has also mounted thereon the pulleys 7 0 and shaft 69 has also mounted thereon a cam 72having a cam groove 7 3 therein in which travels a roller 7 4 which latter is operatively connected with the frame 55. By such construction the frames 55 and 59 respectively are simultaneously reciprocated between the guides which are carried by or form a part of the frame-work. The warps which form the lower passage pass through a double reed 76 carried by a lay 77 having crossbeams 7 8- and 79 respectively which form the shuttle race. The lay 7 7 is actuated in the usual manner and T have therefore deemed it unnecessary to illustrate and describe in detail the construction and opera- T tion of the lay actuating means.

80 and 81 designate respectively the upper and lower shuttles. I v

82 designates the lower breast beam around which the lower cloth 83 passes to the cloth beam 84. 85 designates the second warp beam from which the warp threads 86 pass which in Fig. 10 are separated during the cycle of the operation into the warps 87, 88 and 89 respectively in order to form a double shed, it being seen that the warp thread 87 passes through a slot while the lower warp thread 89 passes through the slot 56 and the warps of the upper cloth pass through the upper portion of a double reed 76 and over the upper shuttle race 7 8, and an upper andalowerrshuttle 90 and 91 respectively are provided one or both of which may be employed when desired.

92 designates the upper breast beam over which the cloth or fabric 93 passes to the second cloth beam 94.

It will be understood that in the embodiment seen in Figs. 10, 11' and 12, one or more warp threads are provided for each slot but to avoid confusion in the drawings a singleflset of warp threads are shown.

In the operation of the embodiment seen in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive, it will be seen that the frames 15 and 16 respectively are simultaneously raised and lowered and with the construction of cams shown these frames are moved into three positions so that a.

double shed is formed and, if a plurality of shuttles are used, a double faced fabric will By changing the cams i1lus-. trat ed to cams which will cause a movement of the shed forming reeds from the low to the high position, a single shed will be formed and this construction is also within the spirit and scope of my invention. The pattern or design of the weave is controlled wholly by the arrangement of the slots in the shed forming reeds since the travel of these .reeds is the same during. the weaving operation.

Tn the construction seen in Figs. 10, 11 and 12, the operation is the same-except that the number of slots or, in other words, the sets of slots are duplicated in the shed forming reeds and the other parts are arranged in duplicate so that four sheds are simultaneously formed and two or more shuttles are passed through the sheds so that two independent double-faced fabrics may be simultaneously woven.

The arrangement of the slots in the shed forming reeds will vary in accordance with the pattern and design which is to be woven and in Figs. 7, 8 and 9, T have shown a few of the numerous ways in which the arrange- -ment of the slots may be varied to vary the pattern or design.

Tn Fig. 7, the upper set of slots 95 are spaced from each other so that they alternate with the intermediate slots 96 which, in

turn, alternate relatively to the lower sets of slots 97.

Tn Fig. 8 the slots are shown arranged 1n sets of two, the upper set of slots 98 being while the other of said intermediate slots 1 is spaced from the two slots 101 and the other lower slot 103 is located between the outer slot 102 and a slot 101.

It will thus be apparent that by changing the arrangement of the slots in the shed forming reeds the pattern or design which is to be woven may be varied as desired and as the movement of the shed forming reedscan take place downwardly as well as upwardly, I am enabled to form two sheds whereby a double weave may be produced and by employing two sets of warps and two shuttles and a double front reed, two separate pieces of goods may be woven and,

if a single shuttle is employed, 1 produce a I tubular weave and the amount of movement imparted to the reeds will depend on the construction of the cams or other actuating means employed. I

By the employment of my present invention, a more uniform weave is obtained with either silk, wool or cotton and time and labor is saved. Furthermore, the cost of the loom is materially reduced as well as the expense which arises in the ordinary type of loom in changing the harnesses for different weaves. It is also an impossibility to have mispicks during the operation such as sometimes occur in connection with the harness type of looms.

It will of course be understood that any desired number of warp threads may be employed and any desired number of shed forming reeds. In the present instance, 1 have shown a plurality of frames carrying the shed forming reeds, it being understood that in the broad and generic scope of my invention two or more frames may be em ployed.

In so far as I am aware, I am the first in the art to devise a loom wherein shed forming reeds and their adjuncts are. provided, as herein disclosed, with sets of parallelly arranged slots in each reed, and it is therefore to be understood that my claims to such features are not to be construed as a jmere improvement over prior devices but are to receive the generic interpretation to which a-pioneer invention is entitled.

It will be seen that the ends of the slots in the shed forming reeds preferably terminate in different horizontal planes.

It will now be apparent that I have devised a novel and useful construction of a harnessless loom which embodies the fea tures of advantage enumerated as desirable in the statement of the invention and the above description, and while I have, in the present instance, shown and described embodiments thereof which will give in practice satisfactory and reliable results, it is to be understood that the same are susceptible of modification in various particulars without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-:

1. In a loom, shed forming reeds each having parallelly arranged slots therein, the ends of said slots terminating in different horizontal planes.

2. In a loom, shed forming reeds each having upper, intermediate, and lower sets of slots therein adapted to receive the warp threads.

3. In a loom, shed forming reeds each having upper, lower, and intermediate sets of warp receiving slots, and means to -ac tuate said reeds to form a double shed during the process of weaving.

4:. In a loom, a plurality of frames, she'd forming reeds carried by said frames each reed being provided with a plurality of slots arranged side by side, means to alternately actuate each of said reeds to form one or more sheds, and means to pass a weft thread through a predetermined shed.

5. In a loom, a plurality of shed forming frames, shed forming reeds carried by said frames, each of Said reeds having "a plurality of upper slots, a plurality of intermediate slots, and a plurality of lower slots therein, the ends of said slots terminating in different horizontal planes, means to simultaneously actuate said frames to position the I warps passing through said slots, means to pass the weft through the space between the warps, and means to press the weft against the preceding weft which has been passed through the space between the warps.

6. In a loom, a plurality of Shed forming frames, shed forming reeds carried thereby, each of said reeds being provided with upper, intermediate and lower sets of slots through which the 'warps pass, means to impart a simultaneous and equal travel to said frames to simultaneously form an upper and a lower shed, and means to simultaneously pass the wefts through said upper and lower sheds.

7. In a loom, shed forming reeds, each having a series of parallelly arranged slots therein to receive the warps, means to reciprocate said reeds to cause the end walls of said slots to move the warps to form a plurality of sheds, and means to pass a fillingthrough each shed.

8. In a loom, shed forming reeds, each having a duplicate series of slots therein, means to reciprocate said reeds to cause the warps passing through said slots to form an upper and lower double shed, and means to pass the filling through all of said sheds whereby two separate and independent weaves are simultaneously woven.

9. In a loom, shed forming reeds, each having an upper and a lower set of slots,

per, lower, and intermediate slots to receive the warps, the ends of the intermediate slots extending above the lower ends of the upper slots and below the upper ends of the lower slots, means to reciprocate said reeds to form one or more sheds, and means to pass a filling through such shed 'or sheds.

11. In a loom, shed forming reeds, each having a series ,of slots therein parallelly arranged in sets to form a plurality of upper, lower, and intermediate slots to receive the warps, the ends of the intermediate slots extending above the lower ends of the upper slots and below the upper ends of the lower slots, means to simultaneously reciprocate all of said reeds and impart to the same an equal travel thereby forming one or more sheds, means to pass a filling through such shed or sheds, and means to press the filling against the one preceding it.

12. In a loom, shed forming reeds each having a plurality of sets of parallelly arranged slots therein, the ends of each set terminating in different horizontal planes.

13. In a loom, shed forming reeds, each having a plurality of slots therein arranged parallel with respect to each other and having their ends terminating in different horizontal planes, said slots being adapted to receive the warps, means to secure said reeds in lateral alinement with each other, means to actuate said reeds, and means to pass a filling between the warps.

14. In a loom, a plurality of frames, shed forming reeds carried by said frames, each of said reeds having a series of parallelly arranged slots therein, one of said frames being mounted in advance of the other, cams for reciprocating said frames and causing a dwell in the movement thereof at predetermined intervals, and means to pass a filling between the warps during the formation of a shed.

ALBERT C. GREINER. Witnesses:

H. S. FAIRBANKS,

C. D. MCVAY. 

